According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, each year in the United States, about 11,500 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed. Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. 

Cervical Cancer 101

As a significant health concern for women worldwide, understanding its basics can empower individuals to take proactive steps in prevention, early detection, and treatment. Here at Raleigh OB/GYN, we have put together a comprehensive guide for those with any questions regarding cervical cancer. 

The Importance of Early Detection

Early detection is crucial for successful treatment outcomes in cervical cancer. Regular screenings and medical attention, if any symptoms arise, can significantly improve the chances of detecting the disease at an early, more treatable stage.

Prevention

HPV Vaccination

Vaccination against HPV is a powerful preventive measure. The HPV vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls and is usually administered in early adolescence before the onset of sexual activity. By protecting against the most common cancer-causing HPV strains, the vaccine significantly reduces the risk of cervical cancer.

Regular Pap Smears

Pap smears are essential for early detection. During a Pap smear, cells from the cervix are collected and examined for abnormalities. Regular screening can identify precancerous changes, allowing for medical attention before cancer develops.

Safe Sexual Practices

Practicing safe sex, including the use of condoms, can reduce the risk of HPV transmission. Limiting the number of sexual partners can also contribute to prevention.

Smoking Cessation

Smoking is a known risk factor for cervical cancer. In fact, women who smoke are about twice as likely as those who don’t smoke to get cervical cancer.  Quitting smoking not only improves overall health but also reduces the risk of developing cervical and other cancers.

Symptoms

In its early stages, this cancer may not present noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, common signs may include:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding between periods, after sex, or after menopause
• Pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse
• Unexplained weight loss and fatigue
• Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can help monitor any changes and address concerns promptly

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common risk factor. HPV is a group of related viruses that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Other risk factors include smoking, a weakened immune system, and a family history of cervical cancer.

Screening Guidelines

Screening guidelines for cervical cancer may vary depending on factors such as age, sexual history, and risk factors. However, general recommendations include:

Pap Smear

Women between the ages of 21 through 29 should have a Pap smear every three years. After the age of 30, a combination of Pap smear and HPV testing is typically recommended every five years.

HPV Testing

HPV testing may be done alone or in conjunction with a Pap smear for women aged 30 and older.

Vaccination

HPV vaccination is recommended for individuals between the ages of 9 and 26, but it is recommended at ages 11-12 years old. 

Treatment Options

If cervical cancer is detected, treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer, the patient’s overall health, and other factors. Common treatment modalities include:

Surgery

Depending on the stage and extent of the cancer, surgical procedures such as a hysterectomy or removal of lymph nodes may be recommended.

Radiation Therapy

High-energy rays are used to target and destroy cancer cells.

Chemotherapy

Medications are administered to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.

Targeted Therapy

Specific drugs are used to target cancer cells without affecting healthy cells.

Cervical cancer is a significant health issue that affects women worldwide, but with awareness and proactive measures, it can be preventable and treatable. If you have more questions about cervical cancer or women’s health, set up an appointment to talk to one of our providers. You can schedule an appointment through our website or give us a call at (919) 876-8225.